The lack of security on these sites means any personal data shared across the site’s connection is out in the open. Most of the sites analysed were insecure and running HTTP. Contextual graphs such as these show the relationships between web hosts and dropped malware Brightcloud’s Threat Investigator Showing Contextual Information for jokerstream Insecure Sites We focused most of our attention on these suspicious sites. For instance, rojadirectame pulled 565 different URLs. Some of the sites caught our attention for leading to a massive amount of URLs. However, when examined more closely, most hosting IPs were found to have hosted malicious content (such as some serious malware) in the past, and had connections to other high-risk IPs. All sites at time of testing had a safe, zero detection rating in Virus Total except for one, “daddylive”, with a rating of 1/85. Sites ranged from having a “trusted” Webroot Brightcloud® reputation score of 92 to an “untrusted” rating of 44. 92% per cent of illegal streaming sites analysed by Webroot were found to contain some form of malicious content. We analysed a total of 20 sites in the study, of which 12 “game sites” were analysed in greater detail for the duration of the Cup Final. This was not meant to be an exhaustive study, but rather focused on getting a snapshot of the dangers involved in spending 90 minutes illegally streaming a match online. Sites streaming pirated sports, specifically the English football “free-to-view” sites, were the subject of an April 2021 Webroot study on the week of the Carabao Cup final game between Manchester City and Tottenham Hotspur. There is a sizable online community that shares bootlegged movies, TV and live sports streams without copyright protection over HTTP/HTTPS. In terms of sports, European football is the most commonly pirated, making up more than a quarter of all illegal sports streams according to one recent study. Piracy is widespread and – ethical issues aside – makes for an interesting case study from a threat research perspective. Not everyone agrees with paying for the latest episode or album, however, and this rise has ran parallel with a rise in digital piracy. The COVID pandemic has led to a surge in content consumption as people stayed home and turned to Netflix, Youtube and other streaming services for entertainment. Manchester City win the Carabao Cup Final, many illegal streamers lose Threat Research Analyst, and Colin Maguire, Web Content Specialist.
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